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**- Map matching:** This step involves selecting the best candidate location from the ranked set of candidates.
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Here is an example of map matching:
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[](https://www.gpsworld.com/lane-level-positioning-with-low-cost-map-aided-gnss-mems-imu-integration/)
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Map matching algorithms can be divided into two main categories: geometric and topological map matching. Geometric map-matching algorithms use geometric features such as angles and distances to match the sensor data to the digital map data. Topological map-matching algorithms use topological features such as road networks and intersections to match the sensor data to the digital map data.
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Overall, Map matching is a process used in navigation and transportation systems to determine the location of a vehicle or a person on a map based on sensor data. It typically involves comparing the sensor data, such as GPS or inertial sensor data, with the digital map data, the process includes several steps such as data pre-processing, candidate generation, candidate ranking, and map matching. |
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