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Jamming of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals refers to the intentional or unintentional interference with the navigation signals transmitted by the satellites. Jamming can occur due to a variety of sources, including electronic devices, radio frequency interference, and even weather conditions.
Jamming can have a significant impact on the accuracy and reliability of the navigation signals received by GNSS receivers. It can cause the receiver to lose track of the satellite or to receive false signals, which can result in errors in the calculated position and velocity.
There are several types of jamming:
- Spoofing: is the deliberate broadcasting of misleading radio frequency signals to GNSS receivers, making them believe they are in a different location.
- Blocking: is the deliberate or unintentional transmission of a signal on the same frequency as the GNSS signal, effectively blocking the legitimate signal from reaching the receiver.
- Overloading: is the deliberate or unintentional transmission of a high-power signal on the same frequency as the GNSS signal, overwhelming the receiver and causing it to lose track of the satellite.
- Interference: is the deliberate or unintentional transmission of a signal on a nearby frequency that can cause the receiver to lose track of the satellite or to receive false signals.
Jamming can be mitigated by using techniques such as frequency-hopping, direct-sequence spreading, and error-correction coding. Additionally, using decoys in GNSS can help to confuse an attacker and make it more difficult for them to jam the navigation signals.
Overall, jamming is a serious threat to the accuracy and reliability of GNSS signals. It can be caused by a variety of sources, and it can have a significant impact on the performance of GNSS receivers. Mitigation techniques such as frequency-hopping, direct-sequence spreading, error-correction coding and using decoys can help to protect the GNSS signals from jamming.
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